Undaunted, Dali proceeded on his two fronts. During the war years, he worked on several of the 20 books he was to write in his lifetime, was well compensated for portraits of American society women and was excommunicated from the surrealistic movement by Breton, who came to this country fleeing the German invasion of France and charged the never-quite-serious Spaniard with “vulgarization” of his art and “pro-Franco leanings.” With the outbreak of World War II, Dali moved to the United States, settling for a time in Del Monte on the Monterey Peninsula. To draw still more attention to his New York exhibit, the Spaniard mounted a strange Broadway extravaganza of sorts in which a taxicab outfitted with a tank and pipes to produce artificial rain trundled down the street with a man dressed to resemble Christopher Columbus riding in the back seat and wearing a placard, “I return.”īut with the coming of the Spanish Civil War-he avoided taking sides-Dali began to spend more time in Italy and France, and soon the influence of the Renaissance masters and l7th-Century baroque painters became evident in his paintings. In New York, the nude of Gala with the lamb chops quickly made him the talk of the town. They were married in 1958, six years after the death of her husband, Paul Eluard, a French surrealist poet. With a loan from Picasso, Dali made his first trip to the United States in 1934 with Gala, an intense woman of Russian descent who was Dali’s companion and one great love from the time they met in 1929 until her death in 1982. Instead, Dali in vain walked the streets of Paris trying to find buyers for his bizarre inventions-surrealistic devices such as fingernail-shaped looking glasses, women’s shoes with high steel springs and even a plaster head of a roaring lion with a fried egg in its mouth. In the early and mid-1920s, Dali painted his way through several different styles-realism, Cubism and neoclassicism and, by 1927, was dabbling on the edges of surrealism when fellow Spaniard Picasso suggested he hold an exhibit in Paris. In November, 1925, he had his first one-man show in Barcelona. Dali’s ability was uncontestable and his fame rapidly grew. Dali was imprisoned twice more for short periods on charges of anti-monarchist activities and was finally permanently expelled from the university in 1926 when he refused to take an art history examination. In 1924, he led the protest of the appointment of an unpopular professor, was charged with inciting a student insurrection, was suspended from school for a year and briefly jailed. “I was the first heepie ,” Dali explained later.Īrts school, really university-level work, did not sit well with Dali. After spending his early years in local schools, Dali was sent to an arts school in Madrid where, eccentric as always, he wore his hair long under a large black hat.
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